- For each group of animals below, name the material that the skeleton is composed of:
Arthropods
vertebrates
mollusks
For your answer to arthropods (above), tell what class of
biological molecules the material is (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid).
- Name the kind of skeleton (exoskeleton, endoskeleton, or hydrostatic skeleton) found in
each of the following kinds of animals
an arthropod
a vertebrate
mollusks such as snails (gastropods) or clams (bivalves)
mollusks such as squid, octopuses, and nautiluses (cephalopods)
- Which of the following have a skeleton that is jointed and moveable?
arthropods
vertebrates
mollusks
- Which of the following shed their skeletons?
arthropods
vertebrates
mollusks
Be able to define exoskeleton, endoskeleton, and
hydrostatic skeleton.
State the function of a clam shell.
Describe the structure of bone. Your answer should
mention the following: haversian canals, osteocytes, blood vessels, spongy bone, compact
bone.
What is an osteoblast?
Describe how long bones are formed in the embryo. What
happens to the cartilaginous disk that separates the primary and secondary ossification
centers?
Name the major bones of the axial skeleton.
Name the major bones of the pectoral girdle.
Name the major bones of the pelvic girdle.
Name the largest bone in the body.
What are the bones in the wrist called?
What are the bones in the hand called?
Muscle contracts as a result of filaments sliding past
each other. Be able to draw these filaments and name the protein that they are made of.
Be able to explain how muscle contracts. Your explanation
should mention depolarization, T-tubules, ATP, calcium, calcium storage sacs (sarcoplasmic
reticulum), myosin, actin, and myosin binding sites, troponin, tropomyosin.
What is a motor unit?
Neurotransmitters initiate muscle contraction by
depolarizing the cell. What channels (gates) are opened or closed to produce the
depolarization?
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?